A working bibliography of primary literature and registered human trials in peptide research — peer-reviewed papers indexed in PubMed and studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Entries are grouped by compound and link directly to the source. It’s a starting point for reading the science first-hand, and it grows as the library expands.
BPC-157
- Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review
- Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review
- Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing
- Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain
- Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing
- BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing
Cerebrolysin
- Modulation of neurotrophic factors in the treatment of dementia, stroke and TBI: Effects of Cerebrolysin
- Safety profile of Cerebrolysin: clinical experience from dementia and stroke trials
- [Therapy prospects for post-stroke aphasia]
- Cerebrolysin in vascular dementia: improvement of clinical outcome in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial
- Diabetes and the brain: issues and unmet needs
CJC-1295 (no DAC / Mod GRF 1-29)
- Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults
- Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects
- Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog
- Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse
- Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs
Read the CJC-1295 (no DAC / Mod GRF 1-29) research profile →
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)
- Delta sleep-inducing peptide
- Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review
- Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle
- Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update
- Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Read the DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) research profile →
Epithalon (Epitalon)
- Overview of Epitalon — Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties Independent (Warsaw) review of 25 years of in vitro, in vivo and in silico work.
- Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
- Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic her-2/neu mice Mean lifespan +13.5%; fewer mammary tumors and lung metastases.
- Peptides and Ageing Monograph-length review; the "peptide theory of ageing"; melatonin/cortisol rhythm restoration in aged rhesus monkeys.
- Peptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly and interferon gamma: their role in immune response during aging Complementary AEDG-binding sequence reported in the interferon-gamma promoter.
GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
- GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
- The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide
- Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Copper Peptide Through Skin
- The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling
- Food-Derived Tripeptide-Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing
GLP-1 & Incretin Peptides
- Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists Incretin & GLP-1 receptor agonism
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art Incretin & GLP-1 receptor agonism
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects Incretin & GLP-1 receptor agonism
- Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes Semaglutide (GLP-1-S)
- Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity Semaglutide (GLP-1-S)
- Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity Semaglutide (GLP-1-S)
- Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention Tirzepatide (GLP-2-T)
- Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity Tirzepatide (GLP-2-T)
- Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial Tirzepatide (GLP-2-T)
- Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy Retatrutide (GLP-3-R)
- Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial Retatrutide (GLP-3-R)
- Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and design of the TRIUMPH registrational clinical trials Retatrutide (GLP-3-R)
HGH (Somatropin)
IGF-1 LR3
- Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency Original design and characterization of Long [Arg3]-IGF-I; potency depends on binding-protein presence.
- Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats ~2.5-fold more potent than IGF-I despite 3-fold weaker receptor binding.
- Long [R3] insulin-like growth factor-I reduces growth, plasma growth hormone, IGF binding protein-3 and endogenous IGF-I concentrations in pigs Counterpoint: growth inhibition and GH-axis suppression in pigs.
- Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig
- Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein expression by growth factors and cytokines alters IGF-mediated proliferation of postnatal lung fibroblasts Half-maximal proliferation at 0.6 nM (LR3) vs 1.5 nM (IGF-I).
- Epidermal growth factor receptor is required for estradiol-stimulated bovine satellite cell proliferation LR3-IGF-1 satellite-cell proliferation is EGFR-dependent.
Ipamorelin
- Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
- The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism
- The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats
- Influence of chronic treatment with the growth hormone secretagogue Ipamorelin, in young female rats: somatotroph response in vitro
- Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis in steroid treated rats
Kisspeptin
- Reproductive functions of Kisspeptin/KISS1R Systems in the Periphery
- Kisspeptin and KISS1R: a critical pathway in the reproductive system
- The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction
- Kisspeptin signaling in astrocytes modulates the reproductive axis
- Neuropeptide derivatives to regulate the reproductive axis: Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) ligands and neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) ligands
KLOW (Peptide Repair Blend)
- Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease
- Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides
- Terminal signal: anti-inflammatory effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone related peptides beyond the pharmacophore
- Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of the anti-inflammatory PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV in a murine model
- The neuroimmunomodulatory peptide alpha-MSH
KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)
- PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation Nanomolar NF-κB inhibition; PepT1 transport; oral KPV reduces DSS and TNBS colitis.
- Inhibition of cellular and systemic inflammation cues in human bronchial epithelial cells by melanocortin-related peptides: mechanism of KPV action and a role for MC3R agonists Nuclear import of KPV and blockade of p65RelA translocation.
- Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides Original report of activity against S. aureus and C. albicans.
- Structural modification of the tripeptide KPV by reductive "glycoalkylation" of the lysine residue Found no antimicrobial activity for Ac-KPV-NH2 — the counterpoint.
- Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis
- alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH 11-13 KPV and adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling in human keratinocyte cells
LIPO-C (Lipotropic Injection)
- TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation
- Formononetin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway
- Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in hepatic stellate cells protects against fibrosis
- Dietary choline, but not L-carnitine, increases circulating lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, without affecting body composition, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient in lean and obese male cats during weight maintenance
- Choline and methionine differentially alter methyl carbon metabolism in bovine neonatal hepatocytes
Melanotan II
- Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food
- Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide deficient mice
- Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II
- The potent melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and has neuroprotective properties in the rat
- The melanocortin agonist Melanotan-II reduces the orexigenic and adipogenic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) but does not affect the NPY-driven suppressive effects on the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in the male rat
MOTS-c
- The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance Discovery paper: AMPK activation via folate-cycle inhibition; prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
- MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation Review of physiology and disease applications; notes plasma levels decline with age.
- The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus
- Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Increases Adipose Thermogenic Activation to Promote Cold Adaptation Brown-fat activation and white-fat browning via ERK.
- Mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c prevents the development of heart failure under pressure overload conditions in mice
NAD+
- NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease
- Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD(+) synthesis via enterohepatic circulation
- Nicotinic acid riboside maintains NAD(+) homeostasis and ameliorates aging-associated NAD(+) decline
- Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD(+) in healthy middle-aged and older adults
- Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD(+) Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures
Selank
- Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects
- Selank, a Peptide Analog of Tuftsin, Attenuates Aversive Signs of Morphine Withdrawal in Rats
- Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats
- Peptide-based Anxiolytics: The Molecular Aspects of Heptapeptide Selank Biological Activity
- Selank, Peptide Analogue of Tuftsin, Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating of BDNF Content in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Rats
Semax
- Semax peptide targets the μ opioid receptor gene Oprm1 to promote deubiquitination and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice
- The Potential of the Peptide Drug Semax and Its Derivative for Correcting Pathological Impairments in the Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease
- The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis
- Semax, a Synthetic Regulatory Peptide, Affects Copper-Induced Abeta Aggregation and Amyloid Formation in Artificial Membrane Models
TB-500 (Thymosin β-4)
- Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians
- beta-Thymosins
- Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications
- Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance
- Thymosin β4 Promotes Dermal Healing
Tesamorelin
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
- The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis
- Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary hypertension
- Investigation of vasoactive intestinal peptide expression and significance in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia animal model
- Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery From Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Respiratory Failure in a Pregnant Patient Treated With IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Read the VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) research profile →
